Machine



(No Model.) 4 sheets-sheen .1.

T. A. WESTON.

HOISTING MACHINE. No. 320,315. Patented June 16, 1885.

N. PETERS. Phnwumcgmh". wn-mngm, D. c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

, T. A. WESTON.

HOISTING MACHINE. No. 320,315. Patented June 16, 1885.

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l By /7/0'5 Attorneys- 0 N, PETERS, Pnowumgnpmr, wlmi nnnnnnn c (NoModel.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3*. T. A. WESTON.

HOISTING MACHINE. No. 320,315. Patented June 16, 1885...

WITNESSES INVENTOR 17mm/fos Wson. w22 a.. M

By his ./lflforneys1 f, 7% ZW? WW (No Model.) 4 sheets-sheet 4. T. A.WESTON.

HOISTING MACHINE.

No. 320,315. Patented June 16, 1885.

Tkomaa )WJ/on,

By his .ltorney.s,

N. PETERS. mmumompw, wumngmn, 0. c.

WITNESSES I NiTaD STATES ATENT FFICE.

THOMAS A. VEST ON, OF STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE YALE &TOVNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

MACHINE.

.SPECIFICATION forma" part of Letters Patent No. 320,315, dated June16,1885.

Applicatiun tiled December '21, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, THOMAS A. XVESTON, of Stamford, in the county ofFairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Hoisting Mechanisms, of which the following is aspecification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, inwhich-- Figure l is a l'ront elevation of a hoistingr; machine, parllyinsection. Fig. 2 is an elevation of one end of the same, drawn to alarger scale,and showing a lever mechanism applied toit. Fig. 3 is asection on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Figs. et and 5 are to illustrate theinvention upon which my present invention is an improvement and to aidin giving an idea of my present invention. Fig. 6 is a view similar loFig. 2, differing, formally,in showing the stud and groove transposed.Fig. 7 is a 2o section on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a centrallongitudinal sect-ion of a simple winding-drum with my improvementsapplied to it. Figs. 9 and l0 are similar views showing slight, merelyformal, modifications.

My present invention being mainly based upon the one for which a UnitedStates patent was issued to me December l-gt, 1869, No. 98,000, I will,in order that it may be better understood, first briefly describe the1869 in- 3o vention illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5 of the accompanyingdrawings, which figures are taken from Figs. 3 and 4 of the patentdrawings. That invention consists in providing the tootheddriving-pinion of a hoisting-machine with a frictional device wherebythe rotation ofthe shaft in one direct-ion effects the clutching of thepinion and its detached ratchetwheel frictionall y to the shaft for t-hepurpose of hoisting. The contrary rotation of the shaft,

4o so long as it is maintained, effects the lowering of the load. At alltimes, whether in hoistn ing or lowering, if the handle be let go, or ifthe driving of the shaft suddenly cease, the load will not run away,because of the automatic self-arresting action of the frictionalmechanism, the construction and operation of which I will now describe,as itis arranged according to the above-named patent.

ln Fig. 4, l is the driving-shaft of a hoist- 5o ing-crab or likemachine,having securely fixed to it the incline-faced collar 2,and alsothe plain tlange or collar 3. Between them, and thereby confinedlongitudinally upon the shaft, are the loose ratchet-wheel 4 and thepinion 5. The ratchet-wheel has frictional contact on one side with theplain shaft-collar, on the other with the pinion side. The pinion hasits boss or center next the incline-faced collar formed with an inclinedface, as shown in Fig. 5, and the contiguous face ot' the incline-facedcollar is correspondingly shapedthat is to say, having a helicalorscrew-formed face curved spil-ally around the axial line of the shalt.The pinion-teeth engage with a main driving-wheel and drum for liftingaload in the usual manner. Such load tends 1o resist motion in the drum,spur-wheel, and engaged pinion 5, and to hold them at rest. Rotarymotion for hoisting being applied to the shaft l in a direction to carsi the incline ofthe collar 2 to ascend theinclineof the pinion 5, thepinion is crowded or forced against the ratchet wheel and theratchetwheel against the flange 3. iVhen all loose motion is taken upand the pinion 5 can yield no farther in a longitudinal direction, thecollar 2 pushes before it in its rotation the pinion, and by frictionupon its sides the ratchetwheel also. The severe end-thrusts oftheinclines effectually imite by friction all the said parts, so that anyload may bc thus lifted, the said frictional adhesion always increasingwith the increasing weight of a heavier load. Upon ceasing to hoist theratchet-wheel is checked from backward rotation by a pawl, and with italso the pinion and all connected parts, through the frictional hold ofthe pinion side, and also of the plain flange upon the ratchetwheelbetween them. Upon turning the shaft backward in a direction to releasethe inclines or unscrew them from each other, the frictional hold uponthe now stationary ratchet-wheel is reduced or removed; but as this isdone the pull of the load causes the pinion and its ineline to followclosely, and thus continually to restore the said frictional connectionof the parts. The load may thus be lowered, as desired, by continuingthe backward rotation of the shaft.

In my said invention of 1869 the inclineroo faced collar of the shaftprevented the pinion and gearing driven thereby from being closelyplaced to the hoist-frame, as is often desirable. rllhe inclines werenot readily adjustable to each other as to the play or loose motionbetween them. The shaft, having to be turned backward when lowering, wasincapable of having affixed to it permanently for ready use `asupplementary driver-such as a band-pul- .inclines upon a tubular sleeveor sleeves, as

and for the purposes hereinafter explained.

Referring to the letters on the accompanying drawings, A, Figs. I, 2, 3,6, and 7, indicates the hoist-frame; B, the main spur-wheel withattached drum B'.

and D its shaft. E is a driving-wheel loose upon the shalt D, withcrank-handle forhoisting` andlowering. F is a plain driving wheel andcrank for hoisting only, and by preference replaced by the improvedratchet-lever (show n in Figs. -2, 3, 6, and 7) for heavy loads,rcquiring higher mechanical power than is furnished by the driver E orF. G may be a plain collar or lflange of the shaft; but preferably it isa brakebox containing the frictional disks of my Patent No. 75,227 ofMarch 3, 1868, or any suitable friction-brake for simply augmenting thefriction-al adhesion between the pinion C and the shaft. H is aninternally-toothed ratchet-wheel lixed to the shaft D,and having avertical bolt or pawl, I, sliding within a slot in the hoist-frame. Thecrank-wheel or driver E and the pinion C being loose upon the shaft, canrotate t-hereon freely between the screwnut D', collar or washer D?, andthe disk-box G, the latter being fixed to the shalt. The driver E hasits boss E provided with a helieal or inclined i'aee to act upon acorresponding incline, G2, formed by the end of the tube or sleeve G.,which is an integral part of vthep'inion G. The said inclines actsubstantially with each other andmthe connected parts as explained in myaforesaid Patent No. 98,000 otl l869-that is to say, when the driver Eis rotated in the direction of the arrow the inclines effect acouplingaction or frictional engagement between the pinion C, collar or disk boxG, and the .shaft for the duty of hoisting, and a contrary C is a loosepinion,

next in importance, I affix permanently to the shaft D, inlieu ot' theplain driver F, an improved ratchet-lever, K, Figs. 2, 3, 6, and 7, of alength or radius much greater than that of the crank-handle of the wheelE lto furnish a larger purchase for lifting the heaviest loads. As theshaft D has no backward motion, the long ratchetlever K K needs nodisengagement therefrom, but remains at rest, held in any desired normalposition by the coiled spring O, Figs. 2, 3, 6, and 7, always ready forinstant use.

The advantages of giving to the inclines or helices the tubular orsleeve form of my present invention are various. Forexample,irst, theinclines are conveniently adjustable to each other by the screw-nutD,exterior to the frame and accessible; second, compactness is obtainedby allowing the pinion C to be placed close to the hoist-frame, andconvenience by allowing the ratchetwheel H to be at any de siredposition along the shaft,preferably next to the hoist-traine, as shown;third, the absence of all backward motion of the shaft D permits thepermanent attachment of a very long and powerful ratchet-lever or otherdri ving device for lifting heavy loads; fourth, the tubularconstruction of the inclim s or helices permits the driver or partoperating one ineline to be at any desired distance from the driven partcarrying the other incline simply by an elongation of the tube orsleeve, enabling the said parts to be separated by a bearing, as in Fig.l, for the convenience ofplacing the driver E on one sideof theI saidbearing or frame and the driven pinion C on the otherside, whenrequired.

In place of an ordinary ratchet-wheel and pawl I employ the improvedform shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, 6, and 7.v The pawl I cannot beaccidentally thrown out; but it may be released, il' desired, by pushingupward its lower counter-weighted end, l', which should be of suchweight as to insure a prompt falling action. The pawl I slides in agroove or vertical recess east for it in the frame. Its acting end andthe ratchet-wheel teeth are securely covered within the wheel from dirtand. injury. l

The details of the ratchet teeth, pawls, springs, and other parts of thelever K K', Figs. 2, 3, 6 and 7, are substantially those of my UnitedStates Patent No. 212,336. In addition thereto the lever K has a stud,L,on it vibrating in a circular groove or slot, M, in the boss N of thehoistframe, lto limit its arc of motion as desired, and a coiled spring,O, to continually restore the lever to its normal position after use.The spring has its ends bent and entered into holes, one in the boss atI), the other in vthe lever at R. be en the boss vand the groove in thelever K, as shown in, Fig. 2, if desired. S is the fourtoothedratchet-wheel of the lever K. It is fixed by the` screw S to the shaftD. The four teethof ratchet-wheel S engage, differentially,

rIhe stud may.

As the part of this my present invention 'v roo IIO

with the three sliding pawls T of the lever K, all constructed inaccordance with the specification of my aforesaid Patent No. 212,336.The ratchet details or head of the lever K K may form the boss or centerof a power-driven spurwheel, the lever part K' and spring O beingomitted, this arrangement thus affording the means of usingsupplementary driving power without involving the necessity fordisconnecting the said supplemental gear when it is desired to operatethe shaft D by hand through the driver E. An ordinary ratchetwheel andpawl may be employed in place of the improved device K; but the latter Iprefer for its compactness and efficiency. It is obvious that theratchet device of the supplemental driver permits the latter to be atrest while the shaft is driven from the opposite end by the driver E,the ratchetpawls of lever K allowing the shaft to slip and turn in thedirection ofthe arrow, Figs. l and 2.

The object of the screw-nut D' and collar DZ is to furnish a frictionalabutment for the boss of the driver E. It is desirable that the saidabutment have more frictional hold upon or adhesion to the boss of Ethan that subsisting between the two incline surfaces E Cito meet thecase of the driving-power being exclusively applied at the other end ofthe shaftthat is to say, directly to the shaft D, by the driverF,or itslever substitute in Figs. 2 and 3, 6 and 7. In such case the couplingaction ofthe inclines or their ascending movement upon each other canonly occur by the frictional driving action of the collar Dl rotatingwith it the driver E and its incline E', the latter thus advancing uponthe other incline of the pinion C until its resistance and the load beovercome through the resulting frictional connection of the pinion andshaft D,effected within the friction box G. In the machine shown in Fig.1 this excess of friction at D' is obtained simply by excess of diameterin the.

collar D'l over the diameter oi the incline surfaces E G2; but it can beotherwise obtained or increased as, for example, by giving a cone formto the collar D`I and a corresponding conical recess to the contiguousface of the boss or wheel E; or, by adding to the said contiguous facesor parts frictional disks, as is done within the box G. The disk-box Gmay beaplain enlarged collar upon the shaft; but the additional area offriction due to the disks renders the backward or lowering motion of themachine easy, and reduces the strain and wear of the moving parts.

Although I have described my invention in its primary application tohoisting mechanism, it is obviously applicable also where the pinion Gand wheel B are operative parts of other machines requiring like drivingand lowering mechanism. For instance, the pi nion C may engage with theteeth of a rackbar-sueh as employed in baling-presses-to force up theplaten of the press; or the pinion C may operate the gearing of astumppuller, and in various similar situations the described driving andreleasing or lowering motions of my inventions are usefully andgenerally applicable for applying multiplied mechanical force and safelywithdrawing it.

It is essential to the operation of my safety frictional inclines thatthe driven incline be incapable of itself becoming the driver under theimpulse of theload, and thus driving backward the other incline. In suchease the load would run down. This is prevented in my inventions by soconstructing the parts that the oblique thrust of the inclinelongitudinal to the shaft always creates an excess of -retardingfriction upon parts stationary in lowering--such as the ratchet-wheeland its attach ments. It is also desirable in some cases that the drivenincline have some retarding friction, that it may not be pushed aroundthe shaft without being simultaneously pushed endwise thereon, in orderto frictional ly con ple the various parts of the device. Both of thesedesired results are rendered more certain by this feature of my presentinvention-viz., in giving to the said inclines a tubular sleeve form, asfurther illustrated by Figs. 8 and 9.

Fig. S is a plain winding-drum provided with my improvements. B thedrum. D is the shaft. E is the driviug-wheel, having a sleeve with theincline at its end in contact with the corresponding incline of thedrum. The drum and driver are both loose upon the shaft, and can turnfreelythereon; but areconfined longitudinally between the 'fixed collarE: and the ratchet-wheel H, also fixed to the shaft. The latter has itsface next the drum enlarged for frictional bfake action therewith. K Xare ordinary bearings. A. pawl (not shown) arrests all backward motionin the ratchct-wheel H. The sleeve of the drivingwheel supported in thebearing X is pressed thereon by a full share of the incumbent weight ofthe shaft D and all carried by it, yielding a proportionate frictionalresistance upon the bearing to the rotation thereon of the sleeve. rlhcsaid friction upon the exterior of the sleeve, together with the addedfriction of the shaft upon its interior, and that of the sleeve end orYouter boss of the driver E against the collar E, all unite in resistingthe backward driving of the incline of the sleeve of the driving-wheelby the mere face friction thereon of the other incline of the drum fromthe pull of the load upon the drum. Any rotary motion, there` fore, onthe drum-incline from the load simply advances it upon the retardedsleeve-incline, simultaneously thrusting the drum against the nowstationary ratchet-wheel I-I, at once arresting its own motion byfriction thereon. The friction upon all the parts named is ob viousl yconstant, always increased proportionately to au increase of weight inthe load. The automatic braking action of my before-named originalpatented invention is made still more certain and convenient by thesleeve construction of the inclines described.

Fig. 9 illustrates the application ofthe sleeve ICO to a driven inclineforming a portion of asmall winch for oyster-dredging, and fullydescribed in my Letters Patent of the United States, No. 217,031, July1,1879. The shaft Dis the driver, I carrying fXed to it the inclinecollar a, and' also fixed to it the ratchet-Wheel H and friction-ange b.The drum B and incline collar d are detached from each other, and bothare loose upon the shaft. The incline collar d has cast upon it aratchet -wheel, H2, and also a sleeve, the latter embraced within andsustaining the adjacent end of the drum B. A common pawl (not shown)always checks any back motion in the ratchet-wheel H. Another pawl, (notshown.) capable of being readily thrown out of engagement, is providedfor the ratchetwheel H2. The drum B is capable of a free running-awaymotion when the pawl of the ratchet-wheel H2 is thrown into engagementtherewith to check its backward rotation along with the drum. The saidrapid backward or lowering motion is effected by'turning back- Vward alittle the shaft D, so as to withdraw its incline from the otherincline, releasing the frictional coupling action of the inclines. Theforward turning of the shaft at once retards or wholly arrests the saidrunning-down movement of the drum by again advancing the ineline a uponthe other incline of the collar d, held stationary by the'pawl of theratchetwheel H2. The self arrested or safety-lowering action of theinolines is obtained in Fig. 9 when the pawl of the ratchetwheel H2 isthrown back out-of action and the shaft D .turned steadily backward. Theratchet-wheel H2 then moves with the drum by means of its frictionalcontact with the adjacent drum end, the same as if Xed thereto. The saidfrictional adhesion of the ratchet-wheel and incline to the drum isfurther insured by the sleeve forming part of the said ratchet-wheel,receiving the weight of the drum B', and sustaining it, as shown in Fig.9. Vithout the said sleeve, however, any grooving of the shaft D by wearor corrosion at the part occupied by tli'e ratchet-wheel H2 mightobstruct its free sliding motion up against the drum B,in which case thedriving-incline a would push around before it on the shaft the said partwithout at' the same time pushing it along the shaft and against thedrum B. Thus the inclines would simply rotate together, neitherone-ascending the other, and the drum B would remain at rest unaffectedby the turning of the shaft D and inclines. Such contingency I avert bythe sleeve being always under the weight of the drum and load thereon.The retarding friction upon the sleeve insures its being heldmomentarily at rest, while the driven incline 'a ascends it, and thuseffects the frictional connection of the moving parts, as described.

Fig. 10 illustrates the inclines, each formed upon a sleeve the parts ofwhich meet midway on the bearing X2. Each part of the sleeve thusreceives a share of the load upon the shaft and a due amount ofretarding friction 'to insure the ascent of one incline upon the other,whichever may be rst moved. Thus the sudden driving ot' the wheel E, thedrum B being unloaded, or the sudden yaddition of a load upon the drum,would alike carry one ofthe in.- clines upward upon the other andstationary one, and alike insure the automatic `brake action of myinvention.

' What I claim," and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is*- l. In ahoisting-machine, one or more sleeves combined with and serving as abearing fora shaft and provided with one or more frictional inclines,substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a shaft 'of a` hoisting-machine, of a loosesleeve and a loose driver, both of which are provided with helicalinclines, substantially as described. 8. In a hoisting-machine, thecombination 'of a main driving-shaft, a loose Wheel or pinion thereonprovided with an elongated sleeve having a helical incline, a driverhaving a boss with a corresponding incline, whereby the driver andengaging frictional inclines can be placed outside of thesupporting-frame of the machine, substantially as-described.

4. In a hoisting-machine, the combination of a main driving-shaft andtwo independent driving mechanisms constructed and arranged so that bothor either will turn the shaft for hoisting, which shaft always remainsstationary during the operation of lowering, substantially as described.l v

5. The combination of the shaft D, a retaining ratchet-wheel, and anoperating ratchetlever provided With a spring, O, Vsubstantially asdescribed. l 'I y 6. The combination of the shaft D with aninternally-toothed ratchet-wheel, H, and eX- ternally counter-Weightedpawl I I', substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 22d day ofNovember,

A. D. 1883. l e

THOS. A. WESTON. litnesses:`

MARCUS S. HOPKINS, LLOYD B. WIGHT.

ICO

